Mongoloid - Wikipedia. Mongoloid. Individuals within these populations often share certain associated phenotypic traits, such as epicanthic folds (epicanthus), sinodonty and neoteny. The term is a historical term that referred to a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon. Epicanthic folds and oblique palpebral fissures are common among Mongoloid individuals. Most exhibit the Mongolian spot from birth to about age four. The extent to which individual psychological makeup is a social construct, rather than a matter of biology, remains a matter of debate. Although some forensic anthropologists and other scientists continue to use such terms in some contexts (such as criminal justice).
From an Asian point of reference, populations range from as far east as Greenland, to as far west as Kalmykia, Crimea, and Scandinavia. According to the Meyers Konversations- Lexikon (1. Mongoloid race are North Mongol, Chinese & Indochinese, Japanese & Korean, Tibetan, Bodos, Malay, Polynesian, Maori, Micronesian, Eskimo, and Native American. She said that even the people who consider American Indians to be a separate race acknowledge that they are genetically closest to .
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Futuyma, professor of evolutionary processes at the University of Michigan, said that the inclusion of Native Americans and Pacific Islanders under the Mongoloid race was not recognized by many anthropologists who consider them distinct races. Lederer, Professor of Biological Sciences at California State University at Chico. Marta Mirazon Lahr of the Department of Biological Anthropology at Cambridge University used the term Mongoloid to refer to Asian populations, Indigenous Australians, Pacific Islanders, Negritos, and Amerindians, classifying Northeast Asians as typical Mongoloids and all other Mongoloid groups as atypical Mongoloids. Finns (and other Finno- Ugrians in Europe) are now considered typically European. Nevertheless, more than 8. Finnish genes are from a single ancient Northeastern European population. Akazawa said Neo- Mongoloids have .
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In contrast, Akazawa said Paleo- Mongoloids are less cold- adapted. He said Burmese, Filipinos, Polynesians, J. No skeletal remains in Southeast Asia dated to the Pleistocene epoch have been unearthed that would classified as being indisputably Mongoloid, although skeletal remains dated to this epoch have been found with Mongoloid traits. Skeletal remains in Southeast Asia dated to the Pleistocene epoch with Mongoloid traits indicate that Mongoloid admixture from areas north of Southeast Asia was already taking place at this time. This trend toward an increasingly Mongoloid skeletal character in Southeast Asia continued during the later Holocene epoch as an increasing number of the skeletal remains dated to the last 7,0. The dental evidence that pre- historic Southeast Asian skeletal remains are of the sundadont dental type, and the dental evidence that Southeast Asians, including Negritos, are of the sundadont dental type supports the idea that it was sundadont Southern Mongoloids from Southern China whose gene flow was making Southeast Asia more Mongoloid instead of the sinodont Northeast Asian Mongoloids from farther north.
Most of the Southern Mongoloids' gradual replacement of the indigenous Australo- Melanesians in Southeast Asia, a process done by . The concept which is . Blumenbach included East and South East Asians, but not Native Americans or Malays, who were each assigned separate categories.
In 1. 86. 5, biologist Thomas Huxley presented the views of polygenesists (Huxley was not one of them) as . Peschel said that some Native American tribes differ from Mongols in having a high nose bridge rather than a snub nose, but Peschel said that this different type of nose is not something shared by all Native Americans, so it cannot be considered a racial characteristic. Peschel said that Malays and Polynesians were Mongoloids due to their physical traits. Peschel said that the race of the Ainu people was not clear. Chang based these thoughts on a skull found in Sichuan and a skull found in Guangxi.
Futuyma, professor of evolutionary processes at the University of Michigan, said the Mongoloid race . Arthur Posnansky, Director of the Tihuanacu Institute of Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, Bolivia, in a writing entitled . Whites have femurs that are . Blacks have femurs with less curvature and less twisting at the head or neck than the femurs of both whites and Mongoloids. Coon said that one of the reasons that Mongoloids have flatter faces than Caucasoids is due to the masseter and temporalis jaw muscles in the faces of Mongoloids being positioned more toward the front of the faces of Mongoloids relative to where these jaw muscles are positioned in the faces of Caucasoids.
The study found that the skull samples had at . Gill and other modern forensic anthropologists, physical traits of Mongoloid crania are generally distinct from those of the Caucasoid and Negroid races. They assert that they can identify a Mongoloid skull with an accuracy of up to 9. Goodman cautions that this precision estimate is often based on methodologies using subsets of samples.
He also argues that scientists have a professional and ethical duty to avoid such biological analyses since they could potentially have sociopolitical effects. Modern cross- analysis of osteological variables and genome- wide SNPs has identified specific genes, which control this craniofacial development. Of these genes, DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and PAX3 were found to determine nasal morphology, whereas EDAR impacts chin protrusion. Mongoloids have mandibles that are . The East Polynesian and the Mongoloid/Late Amerindian are characterized by a . The European is characterized by a .
Mongoloid peoples, meaning modern East Asians and Amerindians of the later time periods, are characterized by . The nasal bones of East Asians are .
American Indians and East Asians almost never have a nasion depression which is the depression between the brow ridge and the bridge of the nose. The nasal sill bones of East Polynesians are . The nasal bones of East Polynesians are . East Polynesians have a lower nasal root than .
The nasal bridge of East Polynesians is not as straight in profile as the . This eyeball size pattern is different for the size of the eye sockets in which the eyeballs reside, however, since Negroids have the smallest eye sockets, Caucasoids have eye sockets of medium size, and Mongoloids have the largest eye sockets. The abstract for the study said that the Mongoloids in the study had about . Most of the characteristics of the Samoan have Mongoloid affinities such as: skin color, hair color, eye color, conjuctiva, amount of beard, hair on chest, nasal bridge, nostrils, lips, face width, biogonial width, cephalo- facial index, nasal height, ear height and chin. Polynesians lack characteristic Mongoloid shovel- shaped incisors, because this characteristic Mongoloid trait disappeared in the Polynesian population as the teeth of Polynesians reduced in size over the course of their evolutionary history.
The hair stiffness indexes of Mongoloids, Africans and Europeans are: 4. This means that Mongoloids with the highest hair stiffness index value of 4. Europeans with the lowest hair stiffness index value of 1. The eccentricity of hair cross- sectional shape index is also calculated using the thickest and thinnest axial diameters of human hair, and this index also differs by race. The hair eccentricity indexes of Africans, Europeans and Mongoloids are: 1. This means that Africans with the highest hair eccentricity index value of 1. Mongoloids with the lowest hair eccentricity index value of 1.
Hudson, Professor of Anthropology at Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, Saga, Japan, said Japan was settled by a Proto- Mongoloid population in the Pleistocene who became the J. Hudson said that, later, during the Yayoi period, the Neo- Mongoloid type entered Japan. Hudson said that genetically Japanese people are primarily Neo- Mongoloid with Proto- Mongoloid admixture. Schurr of the Department of Anthropology at University of Pennsylvania said that Mongoloid traits emerged from Transbaikalia, central and eastern regions of Mongolia, and several regions of Northern China. Schurr said that studies of cranio- facial variation in Mongolia suggest that the region of modern- day Mongolians is the origin of the Mongoloid racial type.
Marta Mirazon Lahr of the Department of Biological Anthropology at Cambridge University said there are two hypotheses on the origin of Mongoloids. Lahr said that one hypothesis is that Mongoloids originated in north Asia due to the regional continuity in this region and this population conforming best to the standard Mongoloid features. Lahr said that the other hypothesis is that Mongoloids originate from Southeast Asian populations that expanded from Africa to Southeast Asia during the first half of the Upper Pleistocene and then traveled to Australia- Melanesia and East Asia. Lahr said that the morphology of the Paleoindian is consistent with the proto- Mongoloid definition. In fact the Mongoloid presents so many physical traits which are associated with the late fetus or young infant that he has been called a fetalized, infantilized or pedomorphic type. Those who have carefully observed young babies may recall that the root of the nose is frequently flat or low as in Mongoloids, and that an internal epicanthic fold in such instances is usually present. The smaller number of individual head hairs and the marked hairlessness of the remainder of the body are infantile traits, as are likewise the small mastoid processes, the shallow fossa into which the jawbone fits (the mandibular fossa), the rather stocky build, the large brain- pan and brain, lack of brow ridges, and quite a number of other characters.
Neoteny in hominids is still one of the simplest explanations of how we developed a disproportionately large brain so rapidly over the past few million years.
BLACK CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA. IN THE MIDST OF THE REPARATIONS DEBATE THE ISSUE OF RETURNING THE LANDS OF THESE BLACKS WHO ANCESTORS WERE HERE IN THE U. S. AND AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE WITH ONE BLACK NATION OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORIESThe experience of the Washitaw Nation (or Ouchita Nation) of the Southern United States is another piece of solid evidence for the fact of pre- Columbian African presence and settlement in the Americas and specifically in the United States. So, here we see an example in the continental United States where Africans who came before slavery, before Columbus and thousands of years before Christ (over six thousand years B. C., according to the Washitaw chroniclers), were engaged in boat building, seafaring, trade and commerce in ancient times and who still exist today as a distinct Black Nation who have evidence and proof of their ownership of millions of acres of lands in the Southern U. S. The Washitaw Nation held an important convention in June 1.
Monroe, Louisiana and have held others since. The descendants of the Jamassee are the millions of Blacks who live in Alabama, Gerogia, South Carolina and northern Florida. Due to such early and well organized trading and commercial systems throughout the prehistoric Black world, Blacks were able to expand throughout the world and establish the world's first cultures and civilizations. Negritic to Negriic, Caucasoid, Mongoloid, along with the various mixed races such as Polynesians, Native Americans, Japanese, Malays, Mediterranean whites, East Indians (the mixed Negroid/Caucasian type..
Black pre Aryan Negritic Indians), Arabs, Latinos (Mestizos, Mullatoes, Zambos, Spaniards) and a number of other mixed races and regional types, the purpose of the earlies migrations of Blacks from Africa to the rest of the world was not merely following and hunting wild animals, as some theorists have claimed, but searching for commodities, like red ocre to paint the smooth, dark skin from insects and decoration.