Culture of Sri Lanka - history, people, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social. Countries and Their Cultures. Sa- Th. Culture of Sri Lanka.

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Alternative Names. Ceylonese, Lankan. Orientation. Identification. In 1. 97. 2, the national constitution discarded the name Ceylon. Sri Lanka. In Sinhala, the language of the.

Besides the majority Sinhala Buddhists. Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamils of recent Indian. Muslims, semitribal V.

Although the members of. These differences and the exclusive policies of the. Sinhala- dominated central government have led to escalating ethnic.

Sri Lankan Tamil. Eelam. The. island nation covers approximately 2. This contrast in rainfall combined with topographical differences. The northern tip of the island is the traditional. Sri Lankan Tamils who consider Jaffna, its principal city. The dry lowlands of the eastern. Muslims, Tamils, and Sinhalas composing.

The central. highlands are famous for tea plantations and, in the southwestern part. Kandy, the principal city of this central . This population was concentrated in the wet zone.

At that time, there were approximately. Sinhalas, two million Sri Lankan Tamils, one million Tamils. Indian origin, 1.

Muslims, and less than seventy. Although the civil war in the north. Sinhala, the language of the majority, and Tamil, spoken by. Muslims as well as ethnic Tamils, are the. Sri Lanka. primary languages of the island. English was introduced during British.

Language has been a. Sri Lanka, particularly following independence when the. Also pictured on the flag and other emblems of. Bo Tree under which the. Buddha found enlightenment. Other symbols central to Sri Lankan Buddhism.

Sinhala mythology have also become icons of national identity, such as. Tooth Relic of the Buddha, the possession of which has provided. Sinhala rulers for thousands of years.

For instance, the color blocks on the nation's. Sri Lanka's three major ethnic groups. The. Sri Lankan elephant is a symbol of national heritage and of prosperity.

Ganesh, the elephant- headed Hindu god of wealth. The. betel leaf and oil lamp are used to mark special occasions. Images of the. island's natural resources, such as palm trees, gems, and beaches. The players and events that are part of the wildly. The Sinhalas. the Tamils, and various south Indian invaders built powerful kingdoms with.

Some of these Arab. Sri Lanka their permanent home, adding Islam to the island's. In the early sixteenth century Portuguese traders introduced. Christianity as they began to make use of the island, eventually gaining. The Dutch then kept the land for themselves, controlling all but.

Kandy until they were driven out by the British in 1. In. 1. 81. 5 the British ousted the last king of Kandy, gaining control over all. Sri Lanka, which remained a British colony until 1. Since independence, national leadership has consistently appealed. Sinhala majority and the strength of the Buddhist monastic orders. Sinhala, non- Buddhists from the Sri Lankan identity.

Despite the. politicization of separate ethnic identities, there is a core of cultural. Sri Lanka, particularly in the domains of the economy, social. Because of the historic fluidity in migration and marriage. While conflicts between various groups have. Sinhala- Buddhist majority and the Sri Lankan Tamil minority has. Since that time, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, a militant. Sri Lankan Tamils, have been fighting for an independent. Dating Polish Girls.

Tamil state in the north and east. As a result. most of the archaeological ruins represent the heritage of elite culture. The most elaborate of Sri Lanka's architecture continues.

Portuguese churches to the. Hindu temples to the white.

Buddha. The influences from these religious. Rural peasants live in small temporary wattle and daub. In the urban area of Colombo, half of the residents are. In. this same city are modern apartment buildings and colonial- era gated. Ex Mormon Dating. The front of the house. Buddhist, Hindu, or even Christian shrines are. Each. community, no matter how small, contains a public school, a place of.

Wells, rivers, and other bathing places are also. This rice. and curry meal is traditionally.

The. traditional morning and evening meals are usually composed of a. Strong, sweat tea, usually with milk, is drunk alone or following. A rich variety of fruits is. In almost every town there is at least one Chinese- style. Sinhala, Muslim, and.

Tamil restaurants and traditional snack booths. In the capital, Western. For instance, Muslims avoid pork while Hindus are often. Sinhala and Tamil people tend to take care that the foods. They also. typically will not accept food prepared by those of relatively lower caste. Alcoholic beverages do not play a role in the formal rituals of. Sri Lanka, being condemned by Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism alike.

Alcohol. is, however, a ubiquitous part of men's social gatherings, where. By the mid- 1. 99.

Religious. establishments also own substantial tracts of land. Today as in the past. Although the sale of housing lots is a growing. This, in. combination with the subdivision of property with each generation, has. World Bank has identified as the primary cause of. Sri Lanka. Most of the nonplantation.

Repair. construction, tailoring, printing, and other services are always in. Tourists are also the focus of a range of. Nearly one- third of the agricultural. The production of textiles and apparel. Heavy industry is largely confined to. Transportation, construction, and energy production.

In addition, the ongoing. In. 1. 99. 6, Sri Lanka exported nearly $5 billion (U. S.) worth of goods, with. U. S.) worth of products going to the United States. In the same year, over $5 billion. U. S.) worth of goods were imported from other countries, over half a. Japan and India. Although members of all ethnic groups.

Sinhala in rice cultivation and the public sector, and the. Muslims, Tamils, and recent immigrants in trade. Different castes are also. Symbolically associated with. Sinhala. castes are typically land holders and recipients of service obligations. The lower status service castes are associated with. Increasingly, these hereditary statuses are being replaced by.

English as the most important determinants of. Class is. determined by attributes such as wealth and education while caste, a. Hindu and Buddhist society in Sri Lanka, is determined. The importance and legitimacy of caste continues. Class. differentiation, on. Degrees of difference. Today. where these hierarchical relations continue, there is a degree of.

Class status, in contrast, is increasingly manifested. In general, elite. English, education in.

The president serves for a term of six years and. Although. regular elections at all levels of government have been held since. Family lineage and caste affiliation figure prominently. Since independence, only two. Janatha Vimukthi. Peramuna, who staged armed insurrections that posed a significant threat.

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). These. elected leaders, who typically distribute resources preferentially to. Throughout the nation's history, however, there have been. Since the 1. 98. 0s, there.

Large portions of the island are not under the control of. LTTE rebels. In response to these. Imprisonment is the main legal sanction for. The death penalty. Rumor and gossip are particularly feared, whether. Acceptance in the family. The threat of sorcery.

Since independence, Sri Lanka's. Since 1. 98. 3, they have. LTTE army which is. Between 1. 99. 0 and 1. With free. and universal education and health care, subsidized transportation, and a. Since the. change in economic policies of 1. Besides the difficulty posed by.

Other civil organizations that are more locally led and. Sri Lankan society. Another notable exception is the Sarvodaya Movement which has. Currently, women's participation in the paid labor force.

In manufacture and agricultural work, men are typically. Opportunity for foreign employment for. Within the home, regardless of. The literacy rates for men.

Sri Lanka elected the world's first female prime. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, whose daughter is the current. While this is not indicative of the political. Sri Lankan women have held.

The large majority of religious leaders and. There has never. been the practice of child marriage or the burning of widows in Sri Lanka. Additionally, although it is expected among most. Women. also bear the greater weight of social expectations and sanctions for. In addition, sexual harassment and assault, while seldom. Regardless of who.

Buddhists and Hindus, caste. Among. Muslims, the preferred match is between parallel cousins, the children of. It is also considered best if the couple are of similar. Divorce, while increasingly common, still occurs in. Remarriage following divorce or the.

In Sri Lanka, individual households are. Sri Lankans express a preference.

While overall there is a. South Asian. countries. This hereditary home is the site. A woman picking tea at a plantation in Sri Lanka. Approximately. one- quarter of the workforce is employed in the agricultural sector.

It is most. common for this kin group to belong to the father's family, as. It also happens, however, that. Infants are traditionally kept with their. Babies are carried until they can walk and.

Nearly all mothers. The coming of age ritual. It is. cultivated early in childhood and used to teach self- control, beginning. Fathers tend to indulge all of their children.

Academic competition starts early, as. Stilt fishermen in the waters near Weligama, Sri Lanka. Fish are a. large part of the Sri Lankan diet. To prepare for these exams and other academic. Admission is determined by exam, so that only 2. Sri Lanka's children eventually are enrolled in the. Of those who enter the Sri Lankan.

Unemployment following graduation is high for these students. Opportunities for postgraduate. New entrants to the university student community. Both Sinhala and Tamil contain a range of linguistic markers. In routine. social interactions, personal names are avoided in preference to.

They are also expected to. Between members of the same gender and with children, however.